APES Hardy-Weinberg Principle - Shope

• the frequency of a gene in a population will stay the same if:
1. there is no migration
2. there is random mating
3. there is no mutation
4. there is a large population
5. the phenotype (trait) does not affect survival

• p = most common gene – usually dominant

• q = least common gene – usually recessive

• p2 + 2pq + q2  available phenotypes
o p2 – homozygous dominant (usually)
o 2pq - heterozygous
o q2 – homozygous recessive (usually)